随着能源需求量的不断增长，太阳能、风能等可再生能源受到了前所未有的关注。与此同时，探索具备优良性能的新型储能设备也成为当今世界一个热点。锂离子电池，由于其比容量大、循环寿命长、充放电速率快等优点，在电子设备和电动汽车领域显示出巨大的实用价值。在锂离子电池中，电极材料既是至关重要的一部分同时也是制约锂离子电池发展的关键之一。因此，设计构筑新型电极材料兼具现实价值与理论意义。二氧化锡，作为一种新型的锂离子电池负极材料，由于其具有高容量、低成本、环境友好等优点，得到了人们越来越多的关注。

然而，二氧化锡作为电极材料也存在诸如以下的一些问题：二氧化锡在充放电过程中会产生较大的体积膨胀，不仅会破坏电极材料的结构，严重影响材料的循环性能，同时体积变化导致SEI膜的反复形成与破裂，消耗大量电解液中的锂离子导致库伦效率降低。另外，二氧化锡较低的电子电导和离子电导使得电极材料难以实现高倍率充放电。因此，如何解决二氧化锡在充放电过程的膨胀破碎等问题，以及提高电子电导率和离子电导率，以提高其循环性能和倍率性能，是本文的主要任务。

本论文工作采用水热法制备出形貌均一的二氧化锡纳米棒阵列，并采用电化学沉积的方法，成功的构筑出二氧化锡/导电聚合物纳米棒阵列结构，得到电化学性能更为优异的纳米棒阵列电极材料。本文采用多种测试手段对所得的二氧化锡/导电聚合物纳米棒阵列的合成、结构以及性能进行了系统的研究，并解释其生长机理以及结构性能相关性，主要内容和研究成果如下：

（1）利用合成出的形貌均一的二氧化锡纳米棒阵列，采用电化学沉积的方法成功构筑出二氧化锡/聚苯胺异质结构纳米棒阵列，对所得样品进行XRD、SEM、FTIR等结构、物相分析表征，分析所得产物制备参数与形貌结构之间的关系，并解释其生长机理。

（2）对二氧化锡/聚苯胺异质结构纳米棒阵列进行电化学性能测试，结果表明在所得的两种异质结构的二氧化锡/聚苯胺异质结构纳米棒阵列中，二氧化锡/聚苯胺异质分支结构显示出相对优异的循环稳定性和倍率特性。在100圈循环后，依然有506 mAh/g的比容量。在20圈到100圈次容量衰减率仅有0.579%，远低于二氧化锡/聚苯胺纳米片分级结构（1.150%）以及二氧化锡纳米棒阵列结构（1.151%）。这一性能优异得益于二氧化锡/聚苯胺异质结构良好的机械完整性以及三维的电子传到特性。

（3）采用恒流计时法沉积聚吡咯薄膜，分别成功构筑出二氧化锡/聚吡咯同轴结构以及二氧化锡/聚吡咯薄膜状结构。利用聚吡咯较高的导电率以及离子渗透率，提高其倍率性能以及循环性能。对其进行TEM, FTIR, EDS等形貌、物相表征，分析所得产物物相和形貌之间的关系，并解释其改性机理。

（4）采用恒流充放电法，交流阻抗等测试方法对所得产物进行电化学性能表征，发现二氧化锡/聚吡咯薄膜状结构的电化学相性能相比于二氧化锡/聚吡咯同轴结构以及未包覆的二氧化锡在循环性能和倍率性能上都有很大的提高。在200 mA/g的电流密度下，经过300次循环后其比容量为683 mAh/g，其在20圈到第300圈时的次容量衰减率仅为0.097%，远低于二氧化锡/聚吡咯同轴结构0.627%以及二氧化锡纳米棒阵列结构（3.14%）。其优异的电化学性能的原因在于，二氧化锡/聚吡咯薄膜状结构能够有效地缓解充放电过程中体积膨胀产生的应力。同时，相比于同轴结构离散型三维电子传导，以及阵列结构一维的电子传导，二氧化锡/聚吡咯薄膜状结构连续三维电子传导能够更好的改善其电子导电率。

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